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Gabapentin, initially developed for epilepsy, is now widely used for nerve pain and other off-label applications. Rising prescription rates have sparked discussions about whether it should be classified as a controlled substance due to concerns over misuse and dependency. On a federal level, gabapentin is not a controlled substance. However, because of increasing numbers of prescriptions and reports of misuse and harm, gabapentin is a controlled substance in some US states, with certain other states requiring gabapentin prescriptions to be reported to state databases. Gabapentin can be dangerous when used in combination with other drugs, especially alcohol and Gabapentin is a prescription medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of neuropathic pain (postherpetic neuralgia) and seizure disorders. Why is gabapentin controlled in some states? Gabapentin is structurally and pharmacologically related to pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR), which is a Schedule V drug and controlled federally in all states. Gabapentin isn’t a narcotic or federally controlled substance, but it is regulated and recognized as a controlled substance in certain states. Gabapentin isn’t classified as a controlled substance under federal law in the United States. But it is classified as a controlled substance in some states. Even without federal scheduling, gabapentin’s link to overdose deaths and abuse trends makes it a high-priority drug for state surveillance systems. These systems aim to catch early signs of abuse—especially in patients prescribed opioids, benzos, and gabapentin together. How States Are Tracking Gabapentin Without Scheduling It Individuals at the highest risk for abusing gabapentin include those with opioid abuse, mental illness, or previous history of prescription drug abuse. States are now taking action to track gabapentin use through prescription monitoring programs, and some states have reclassified it as a Schedule V controlled substance. Gabapentin’s classification varies by state. While it is not classified federally as a controlled substance under the CSA, many states have taken it upon themselves to regulate its use more strictly. Why gabapentin? In 2016 the MN legislature amended statute 152.126 to include gabapentin as a substance required to be reported to the MN PMP. While gabapentin is not a controlled substance federally or in Minnesota, a rise in cases of gabapentin misuse was seen, especially in combination with opioids or other substances to enhance their effects. The positivity rate for gabapentin was 26% among drug overdose decedents who tested positive for opioids.i In 2019, the FDA announced a new mandate that labels of gabapentin and pregabalin contain a warning about respiratory depression.ii Pregabalin is controlled in Schedule V of the Federal Controlled Substances Act. Gabapentin is not classified as a controlled substance on the federal level. However, there are growing concerns about the potential risks. Here’s what to know. Individuals at the highest risk for abusing gabapentin include those with opioid abuse, mental illness, or previous history of prescription drug abuse. States are now taking action to track gabapentin use through prescription monitoring programs, and some states have reclassified it as a Schedule V controlled substance. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Chemistry: Gabapentin is chemically known as 2-[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexaneacetic acid]. Gabapentin closely resembles pregabalin, a schedule V drug under the Controlled Substances Act in its chemical structure and pharmacological activity. Key takeaways: Gabapentin (Neurontin) is FDA-approved to treat specific types of nerve pain and seizures. It’s also sometimes used to treat other health conditions. These include restless leg syndrome, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal. Gabapentin isn’t a controlled substance according to the federal government. But several states have passed their own laws classifying gabapentin a schedule Key Points Gabapentin is an FDA-approved medication used to relieve nerve pain and seizures. Gabapentin isn’t a controlled substance or narcotic on the federal level, but several states have passed laws to make it a Schedule V controlled substance. Gabapentin has risks and adverse effects, especially when combined with some other substances. The FDA approved gabapentin in 1993 as a non-controlled substance and it has remained a non-controlled substance at the federal level. The drug was created as an anticonvulsant and used to treat seizure disorders. The medication has also been used to treat hot flashes, neuropathic pain, pain, postoperative nausea, substance abuse issues, and vomiting. 1,2 It is estimated that approximately 1% Avoid alcohol use during gabapentin treatment. Avoid other central nervous system depressants, including drugs that make you sleepy or dizzy. Future of gabapentin regulation As of June 2024, gabapentin remains a non-controlled substance under the U.S. federal government. Gabapentin is commonly prescribed for nerve pain, seizures, and other off-label uses. While not classified as a controlled substance at the federal level, some states have imposed stricter regulations due to concerns about misuse and abuse. Tennessee has taken specific steps to regulate gabapentin, affecting how it is prescribed, dispensed, and possessed. Understanding these rules is essential Regulatory insight has evolved in response to abuse of and addiction to opioids, sedatives, and stimulants, with federal and state governments implementing and enforcing regulations for oversight of drugs defined as controlled substances. 1 Following is a review of basic regulatory structure and the impact on gabapentin and xylazine.
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